For greater than a century, girls and racial minorities have fought for entry to schooling and employment alternatives as soon as reserved completely for white males. The lifetime of Yvonne Younger “Y.Y.” Clark is a testomony to the facility of perseverance in that combat. As a wise Black lady who shattered the obstacles imposed by race and gender, she made historical past a number of instances throughout her profession in academia and trade.
She in all probability is greatest often called the primary lady to function a college member intheengineering faculty at Tennessee State College, in Nashville. Her pioneering spirit prolonged far past the classroom, nevertheless, as she repeatedly staked out new territory for ladies and Black professionals in engineering. She completed so much earlier than she died on 27 January 2019 at her dwelling in Nashville on the age of 89.
Clark is the topic of the newest biography in IEEE-USA’s Well-known Ladies Engineers in Historical past sequence. “Don’t Give Up” was her mantra.
An early ardour for expertise
Born on 13 April 1929 in Houston, Clark moved along with her household to Louisville,Ky., as a child. She was raised in an academically pushed family. Her father, Dr. Coleman M. Younger Jr., was a surgeon. Her mom, Hortense H. Younger, was a library scientist and journalist. Her mom’s “Tense Matters” column, revealed by the Louisville Defender newspaper, tackled segregation, housing discrimination, and civil rights points, instilling consciousness of social justice in Y.Y.
Clark’s ardour for expertise grew to become evident at a younger age. As a baby, she secretly repaired her household’s malfunctioning toaster, stunning her dad and mom. It was a defining second, signaling to her household that she was destined for a profession in engineering—not in schooling like her older sister, a highschool math instructor.
“Y.Y.’s household didn’t create her ardour or her skills. These had been her personal,” stated Carol Sutton Lewis, co-host and producer for the third season of the “Misplaced Ladies of Science” podcast, on which Clark was profiled. “What her household did do, and what they might proceed to do, was make her pursuits viable in a world that wasn’t truthful.”
Clark’s curiosity in learning engineering was precipitated by her ardour for aeronautics. She stated all of the pilots she spoke with had studied engineering, so she was decided to take action. She joined the Civil Air Patrol and took simulated flying classes. She then discovered to fly an airplane with the assistance of a household buddy.
Regardless of her educational excellence, although, racial obstacles stood in her manner. She graduated at age 16 from Louisville’s Central Excessive Facultyin 1945. Her dad and mom, involved that she was too younger to attend faculty, despatched her to Boston for 2 extra years on the Women’ Latin Faculty and Roxbury Memorial Excessive Faculty.
She then utilized to the College of Louisville, the place she was initially accepted and supplied a full scholarship. When college directors realized she was Black, nevertheless, they rescinded the scholarship and the admission, Clark stated on the “Misplaced Ladies of Science” podcast, which included clips from when her daughter interviewed her in 2007. As Clark defined within the interview, the state of Kentucky supplied to pay her tuition to attend Howard College, a traditionally Black faculty in Washington, D.C., somewhat than combine its publicly funded college.
Breaking obstacles in increased schooling
Though Howard supplied a chance, it was not freed from discrimination. Clark confronted gender-based obstacles, in line with the IEEE-USA biography. She was the one lady amongst 300 mechanical engineeringcollege students, a lot of whom had been World Battle II veterans.
“Y.Y.’s household didn’t create her ardour or her skills. These had been her personal. What her household did do, and what they might proceed to do, was make her pursuits viable in a world that wasn’t truthful.” —Carol Sutton Lewis
Regardless of the challenges, she persevered and in 1951 grew to become the primary lady to earn a bachelor’s diploma in mechanical engineering from the college. The varsity downplayed her historic achievement, nevertheless. In truth, she was not allowed to march along with her classmates at commencement. As an alternative, she acquired her diploma throughout a personal ceremony within the college president’s workplace.
A profession outlined by firsts
Decided to forge a profession in engineering, Clark repeatedly encountered racial and gender discrimination. In a 2007 Society of Ladies Engineers (SWE) StoryCorps interview, she recalled that when she utilized for an engineering place with the U.S. Navy, the interviewer bluntly informed her, “I don’t assume I can rent you.” When she requested why not, he replied, “You’re feminine, and all engineers exit on a shakedown cruise,” the journey throughout which the efficiency of a ship is examined earlier than it enters service or after it undergoes main adjustments equivalent to an overhaul. She stated the interviewer informed her, “The omen is: ‘No females on the shakedown cruise.’”
Clark ultimately landed a job with the U.S. Military’s Frankford Arsenal gauge laboratories in Philadelphia, turning into the primary Black lady employed there. She designed gauges and finalized product drawings for the small-arms ammunition and range-finding devices manufactured there. Tensions arose, nevertheless, when a few of her colleagues resented that she earned extra money resulting from extra time pay, in line with the IEEE-USA biography. To ease office tensions, the Military diminished her hours, prompting her to hunt different alternatives.
Her future husband, Invoice Clark, noticed the issue she was having securing interviews, and steered she use the gender-neutral title Y.Y. on her résumé.
The tactic labored. She grew to become the primary Black lady employed by RCA in 1955. She labored for the firm’s digital tube division in Camden, N.J.
Though she excelled at designing manufacturing facility tools, she encountered extra office hostility.
“Sadly,” the IEEE-USA biography says, she “felt animosity from her colleagues and resentment for her success.”
When Invoice, who had taken a college place as a biochemistry teacher at Meharry Medical Faculty in Nashville, proposed marriage, she eagerly accepted. They married in December 1955, and she or he moved to Nashville.
In 1956 Clark utilized for a full-time place at Ford Motor Co.’sNashville glass plant, the place she had interned through the summers whereas she was a Howard pupil. Regardless of her {qualifications}, she was denied the job resulting from her race and gender, she stated.
She determined to pursue a profession in academia, turning into in 1956 the primary lady to show mechanical engineering at Tennessee State College. In 1965 she grew to become the primary lady to chairTSU’smechanical engineering division.
Whereas instructing at TSU, she pursued additional schooling, incomes a grasp’s diploma in engineering administration from Nashville’s Vanderbilt Collegein 1972—one other step in her lifelong dedication to skilled development.
After 55 years with the college, the place she was additionally a freshman pupil advisor for a lot of that point, Clark retired in 2011 and was named professor emeritus.
A legacy of management and advocacy
Clark’s affect prolonged far past TSU. She was energetic within the Society of Ladies Engineers after turning into its first Black member in 1951.
Racism, nevertheless, adopted her even inside skilled circles.
On the 1957 SWE convention in Houston, the occasion’s lodge initially refused her entry resulting from segregation insurance policies, in line with a 2022 profile of Clark. Beneath stress from the society’s management, the lodge compromised; Clark might attend classes however needed to be escorted by a white lady always and was not allowed to remain within the lodge regardless of having paid for a room. She was reimbursed and as a substitute stayed with family members.
Because of that incident, the SWE vowed by no means once more to carry a convention in a segregated metropolis.
Over the many years, Clark remained a champion for ladies in STEM. In a single SWE interview, she suggested future generations: “Put together your self. Do your work. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, and profit by assembly with different girls. No matter you want, find out about it and pursue it.
“The setting is what you make it. Generally the setting is hostile, however don’t fear about it. Concentrate on it so that you aren’t blindsided.”
Her contributions earned her quite a few accolades together with the 1998 SWE Distinguished Engineering Educator Award and the 2001 Tennessee Society of Skilled Engineers Distinguished Service Award.
A long-lasting impression
Clark’s legacy was not confined to engineering; she was deeply concerned in Nashville group service. She served on the board of the 18th Avenue Household Enrichment Middle and took part within the Nashville Space Chamber of Commerce. She was energetic within the Hendersonville Space chapter of The Hyperlinks, a volunteer service group for Black girls, and the Nashville alumnae chapter of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She additionally mentored members of the Boy Scouts, a lot of whom went on to pursue engineering careers.
Clark spent her life flattening obstacles that attempted to impede her. She didn’t simply break the glass ceiling—she engineered a manner by means of it for individuals who got here after her.
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